Xét: \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}+d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm

\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2c^2}=2bc\\c^2+d^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2d^2}=2cd\\d^2+a^2\ge2\sqrt{d^2a^2}=2da\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\le\frac{ab^2}{2ab}=\frac{b}{2}\\\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}\le\frac{bc^2}{2bc}=\frac{c}{2}\\\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}\le\frac{cd^2}{2cd}=\frac{d}{2}\\\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\le\frac{da^2}{2da}=\frac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\frac{b}{2}\\b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}\ge b-\frac{c}{2}\\c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}\ge c-\frac{d}{2}\\d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\ge d-\frac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}+d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\ge a+b+c+d-\frac{a}{2}-\frac{b}{2}-\frac{c}{2}-\frac{d}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}+d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\) ( đpcm )

Cách của bạn Minh dài quá mình xin làm cách ngắn hơn:

Đầu tiên ta chứng minh bổ đề:

\(\frac{x^3}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{2x-y}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(2x-y\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(y-x\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)

Từ đó ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}\ge\frac{2a-b}{2}\\\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge\frac{2b-c}{2}\\\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}\ge\frac{2c-d}{2}\\\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{2d-a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng 4 cái trên vế theo vế ta được

\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{2a-b}{2}+\frac{2b-c}{2}+\frac{2c-d}{2}+\frac{2d-a}{2}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)

Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\) với a , b > 0 ta có :

\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{c}{d+a}=\frac{a\left(d+a\right)+c\left(b+c\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(d+a\right)}=\frac{ad+a^2+bc+c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(d+a\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(ad+a^2+bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\) ( 1 )

\(\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}=\frac{b\left(a+b\right)+d\left(c+d\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}=\frac{ab+b^2+cd+d^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(ab+b^2+cd+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\) ( 2 )

Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) cộng theo từng vế:

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

Cần chứng minh rằng \(\frac{\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow2ab+2bc+2cd+2ad+2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2d^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2ab+2ac+2ad+2bc+2cd+2bd\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\ge2ac+2bd\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2-2ac+c^2+b^2-2bd+d^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\left(đpcm\right)\)

Vậy \(\frac{ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{4\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge2\)

Vì \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

Vậy \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge2\)

Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki cho 2 bộ số \(\left(\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{b+c};\sqrt{b}.\sqrt{d+c};\sqrt{c}.\sqrt{d+a};\sqrt{d}.\sqrt{a+b}\right)\)

và \(\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b+c}};\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{d+c}};\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{d+a}};\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{a+b}}\right)\), ta được:

\(\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(d+c\right)+c\left(d+a\right)+d\left(a+b\right)\right]\)\(\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{d+c}+\frac{c}{a+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\right)\)\(\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{d+c}+\frac{c}{a+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ab+ac+bd+bc+cd+ac+ad+bd}\)(1)

Ta có \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc+bd+cd+ac+ad+bd\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)

Do đó: \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc+bd+cd+ac+ad+bd\right)\)(2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra ĐPCM

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c=d

Áp dụng BĐT : \(\frac{1}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)với x,y > 0

Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{c}{d+a}=\frac{a^2+ad+bc+c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+d\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(a^2+ad+bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

Tương tự : \(\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(b^2+ab+cd+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

Cần chứng minh : \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd\right)\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = c ; b = d

Vậy ....

Ta có: \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{xy}\)

Lại có: \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{d}{a+b}\)

\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ab+bc+bc+bd+ca+cd+da+db}\)

Ta chứng minh: \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc+bd+ca+cd+da+db\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)^2+2\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)+\left(b+d\right)^2\ge2\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)+4ac+4bd\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2\ge4ac+4bd\)(đúng)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge2\left(đpcm\right)\)

Dấu " =  "xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d\)

Xét \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)

Tương tự, ta được: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}-\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}-\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=c-a\)

Cộng theo vế của 3 đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)\(=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)

Ta đi chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(a^2-ab+b^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)(*)

Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*

\(\Rightarrow2LHS=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\)\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{1}{3}\text{​​}\Sigma_{cyc}\left[\left(a+b\right)\right]=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow LHS\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}=RHS\)(Q.E.D)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c

P/S: Có thể dùng BĐT phụ ở câu 3a để chứng minhxD:

1) ta chứng minh được \(\Sigma\frac{a^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\Sigma\frac{b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)

\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\frac{a^4+b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{8}\Sigma\left(a+b\right)=\frac{a+b+c+d}{4}\)

bài 2 xem có ghi nhầm ko

3a biến đổi tí là xong

b tuong tự bài 1 

Đặt vế trái là P, áp dụng AM-GM cho từng cặp:

\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge a\) ; \(\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge b\) ; \(\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{c+d}{4}\ge c\) ; \(\frac{d^2}{a+d}+\frac{a+d}{4}\ge d\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(P+\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\ge a+b+c+d\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)

\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d\)

Thử cách em xem sao?

\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\) (đúng)

"=" <=> a = b = c

Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{d^2}{d+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)

\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Ta có : 

\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{b}{b+c+d}>\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{c}{c+d+a}>\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)\(\Rightarrow A>1\)( 1 )

Lại có :

\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{b}{b+c+d}< \frac{b+a}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{c}{c+d+a}< \frac{c+b}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{d+c}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{a+b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c+b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d+c}{a+b+c+d}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow A< 2\)( 2 )

Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\)A không phải là số tự nhiên ( vì 1 < A < 2 )

Ta thấy: 

\(\frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}>\frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{b+a}{a+b+c+d}>\frac{b}{b+c+d}>\frac{b}{a+b+c+d} \)

\(\frac{c+b}{a+b+c+d}>\frac{c}{c+d+a}>\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{d+c}{a+b+c+d}>\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)

Do đó:

\(\frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b+a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d+c}{a+b+c+d}>A\)

VÀ  \(A>\)\(\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow2>A>1\)

\(\Rightarrow\)A không là số tự nhiên với a,b,c,d > 0

Vậy A không là số tự nhiên với a,b,c,d > 0

Đề phải thêm là \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}\) nhé.

Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}.\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta được:

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}.\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}.\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\frac{a}{d}.\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{d}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{\left(b+c+d\right)^3}\left(đpcm\right).\)

Chúc bạn học tốt!

Nhanh giùm với ạ TTTT

Đặt vế trái là P

\(\frac{a^3}{b^2}+b+b\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3b^2}{b^2}}=3a\)

Tương tự: \(\frac{b^3}{c^2}+2c\ge3b\) ; \(\frac{c^3}{d^2}+2d\ge3c\); \(\frac{d^3}{a^2}+2a\ge3d\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(P+2\left(a+b+c+d\right)\ge3\left(a+b+c+d\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge a+b+c+d\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d\)